基本的使用

一、基本认识

  • 1、发送一个get请求

    import requests

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 获取一个get请求
    response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')

  • 2、关于获取请求到数据常见的返回值

    import requests

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 获取一个get请求
    response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
    # 对抓取的网站设置编码
    response.encoding = 'utf-8'
    # 打印返回的数据
    print(response.text)
    print(response.json())
    print(response.headers)
    print(response.status_code)
    print(response.url)
    print(response.cookies)
    print(response.json())
    # 获取最原始的字符串,没有编码的(用户response.text出现乱码的时候,及下载二进制文件的时候)
    print(response.content)

  • 3、关于其他的请求方式

    response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post')
response = requests.put('http://httpbin.org/put')
response = requests.delete('http://httpbin.org/delete')
response = requests.head('http://httpbin.org/get')
response = requests.options('http://httpbin.org/get')

二、关于get请求传递参数的

  • 1、直接在url地址后面拼接参数

    import requests

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 定义一个请求头(模拟浏览器)
    headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.162 Safari/537.36'}
    # 设置参数
    data = {'name': 'june', 'password': 123456}
    # 获取一个get请求
    response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get?name=june&password=123456', headers=headers)
    # 对抓取的网站设置编码
    response.encoding = 'utf-8'
    print(response.text)

  • 2、使用params传递参数

    import requests

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 定义一个请求头(模拟浏览器)
    headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.162 Safari/537.36'}
    # 设置参数
    data = {'name': 'june', 'password': 123456}
    # 获取一个get请求
    response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get', headers=headers, params=data)
    # 对抓取的网站设置编码
    response.encoding = 'utf-8'
    print(response.text)

三、使用requests库和正则表达式下载文章内容

  • 1、需要下载的伯乐在线的文章标题

  • 2、书写逻辑代码

    import re
import requests

if __name__ == "__main__":
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.162 Safari/537.36',
    }
    url = 'http://python.jobbole.com/category/guide/'

    response = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)
    pattern = re.compile(
        '<div.*?post-thumb.*?title="(.*?)".*?</a>', re.S
    )
    print(response.status_code)
    result_list = re.findall(pattern, response.text)

    f = open('jobbole1.txt', 'a+', encoding='utf8')
    for item in result_list:
        f.write(item.strip() + '\n')
    f.close()

  • 3、解说正则表达式

    • .*?表示非贪婪的匹配任何字符
    • re.S 使.匹配包括换行在内的全部字符

四、使用requests库和正则表达式下载图片

  • 1、导包

      import re
  import os
  import shutil
  import requests

  • 2、定义一个下载图片的类

      class DownPic(object):
          def __init__(self):
                  self.url = 'http://python.jobbole.com/category/guide/'
                  self.headers = {
                          'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.162 Safari/537.36',
                  }
                  self.create_dir()

          def create_dir(cls):
                  # 如果文件夹存在就删除
                  if os.path.exists('demo'):
                          shutil.rmtree('demo')
                  os.makedirs('demo')

          def get_html(self):
                  response = requests.get(url=self.url, headers=self.headers)
                  return response.text

          def pattern(self):
                  pattern = re.compile(
                          '<div.*?post-thumb.*?src="(.*?)".*?</a>', re.S
                  )
                  result_list = re.findall(pattern, self.get_html())
                  return result_list

          def download(self):
                  for item in self.pattern():
                          # 获取到的图片地址再次请求
                          if item.rsplit('.')[-1] in ['png', 'jpg']:
                                  resp = requests.get(item.strip())
                                  try:
                                          with open(os.path.join('demo', item.strip().rsplit("/")[-1]), 'wb') as f:
                                                  f.write(resp.content)
                                  except Exception as e:
                                          print(e)
                          else:
                                  continue

  • 3、调用

      if __name__ == "__main__":
          p = DownPic()
          p.download()

五、关于requests库的post请求

  • 1、格式

      response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', headers=headers, data=data)

  • 2、发送数据到服务器端

      import requests

  if __name__ == "__main__":
          # 定义一个请求头(模拟浏览器)
          headers = {
                  'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.162 Safari/537.36'}
          # 设置参数
          data = {'email': '[email protected]', 'password': 123456}
          # 获取一个get请求
          response = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', headers=headers, data=data)
          # 对抓取的网站设置编码
          response.encoding = 'utf-8'
          print(response.text)

六、使用post请求获取拉勾网职业信息

import requests

if __name__ == "__main__":
        url = 'https://www.lagou.com/jobs/positionAjax.json?needAddtionalResult=false'
        headers = {
                'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.162 Safari/537.36',
                'Referer': 'https://www.lagou.com/jobs/list_python?labelWords=&fromSearch=true&suginput='
        }
        data = {
                'first': 'true',
                'pn': '1',
                'kd': 'python',
        }

        response = requests.post(url=url, headers=headers, data=data)
        print(response.json())

results matching ""

    No results matching ""