关于url的理解

一、关于url的认识

  schema://host[:port#]/path/…/[?querystring][#anchor]

• 1、schema指定使用的协议(例如:http或者https)
• 2、host指域名或者ip地址
• 3、port指端口号
• 4、path资源路径
• 5、querystring发送给http服务器的数据
• 6、anchor锚点

二、django中关于url的配置

• 1、在django < 2.0的时候配置url的方式

  from django.conf.urls import url,include
  urlpatterns = [
      url(r'^$', views.index),
      url(r'^blog/', include("blog.urls")),
      url(r'^article/', include("article.urls")),
  ]
  

• 2、到了django > 2.0后采用path方式

  在django > 2.0的对url做了更大的优化, 主要体现在不需要写正则来匹配开始与结束

  from django.contrib import admin
  from django.urls import path
  from app01 import views
  
  urlpatterns = [
      path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
      path('ind', views.ind),
      path('index/', views.index)
  ]
  

• 3、url中传递数据(django < 2.0一般我们叫正则写法)

官方提供几种传递参数的方式

Path converters

The following path converters are available by default:

• 1、str - Matches any non-empty string, excluding the path separator, '/'. This is the default if a > converter isn't included in the expression.
• 2、int - Matches zero or any positive integer. Returns an int.
• 3、slug - Matches any slug string consisting of ASCII letters or numbers, plus the hyphen and underscore characters. For example, building-your-1st-django-site.
• 4、uuid - Matches a formatted UUID. To prevent multiple URLs from mapping to the same page, dashes must be included and letters must be lowercase. For example, 075194d3-6885-417e-a8a8-6c931e272f00. Returns a UUID instance.

• 5、path - Matches any non-empty string, including the path separator, '/'. This allows you to match against a complete URL path rather than just a segment of a URL path as with str.

  ...
  urlpatterns = [
    ...
    path('index/<int:id>', views.index1),
    path('index/<str:arg>', views.index2)
  ]
  

  def index1(request, id):
    print(id)
    return HttpResponse(id)
  
  def index2(request, arg):
    return HttpResponse(arg)
  

• 4、给url配置name值 主要有两个作用

  • 1、在view中配置重定向
  • 2、在template中配置页面的跳转(在模板的章节会介绍)

  urlpatterns = [
      path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
      path('ind', views.ind),
      path('index/', views.index, name="home"),
      ...
  ]
  

  from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect
  from django.shortcuts import render
  from django.urls import reverse
  
  def index(request):
      return HttpResponse('我是主页')
  
  def ind(request):
      return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('home'))
  

• 5、更多url的详情介绍请参考传送门