rest-framework项目的使用步骤

一、基础准备工作

1、创建一个虚拟环境

2、虚拟环境中安装依赖包pip3 install -r requirements.txt(在之前的项目下运行命令pip3 freeze > requirements.txt)

asn1crypto==0.24.0
  certifi==2018.4.16
  cffi==1.11.5
  chardet==3.0.4
  coreapi==2.3.3
  coreschema==0.0.4
  cryptography==2.3
  diff-match-patch==20121119
  Django==2.0.7
  django-cors-headers==2.4.0
  django-crispy-forms==1.7.2
  django-filter==2.0.0
  django-formtools==2.1
  django-import-export==1.0.1
  djangorestframework==3.8.2
  djangorestframework-jwt==1.11.0
  et-xmlfile==1.0.1
  future==0.16.0
  geetest==3.2.0
  httplib2==0.11.3
  idna==2.7
  itypes==1.1.0
  jdcal==1.4
  Jinja2==2.10
  Markdown==2.6.11
  MarkupSafe==1.0
  odfpy==1.3.6
  openpyxl==2.5.5
  Pillow==5.2.0
  post==1.0.2
  pycparser==2.18
  PyJWT==1.6.4
  PyMySQL==0.9.2
  pytz==2018.5
  PyYAML==3.13
  qiniu==7.2.2
  requests==2.19.1
  six==1.11.0
  tablib==0.12.1
  unicodecsv==0.14.1
  uritemplate==3.0.0
  urllib3==1.23
  xlrd==1.1.0
  xlwt==1.3.0
  yunpian-python-sdk==1.0.0

二、项目的基本配置

1、配置mysql的数据库引擎

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'mxshop',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'root',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
        'PORT': 3306
    }
}

2、在根目录的__init__.py中配置支持pymysql引擎
```
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
```

3、配置根url

from django.urls import path, include, re_path
import xadmin
from django.views.static import serve
from django.conf import settings
from rest_framework.documentation import include_docs_urls

urlpatterns = [
    path('xadmin/', xadmin.site.urls),
    path('goods/', include('goods.urls', namespace='goods')),
    # 配置访问本地的资源地址
    re_path(r'^media/(?P<path>.*)', serve, {"document_root": settings.MEDIA_ROOT}),
    # 配置用户登录
    path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework')),
    # 配置文档
    path('docs/', include_docs_urls(title='电商文档'))
]

三、重写用户表

1、重新定义model

from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser

class UserProfileModel(AbstractUser):
    """
    创建一个用户的模型
    """
    nick_name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='昵称', null=False, default='')
    birthday = models.DateField(verbose_name='生日', null=True, blank=True)
    gender = models.CharField(max_length=20, choices=(('male', '男'), ('female', '女')), default='male',
                              verbose_name='性别')
    address = models.CharField(max_length=100, default='', verbose_name='地址')
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name='手机号码')
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='images/users/%Y/%m', default='images/default.jepg', verbose_name='头像')
    create_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, null=False, verbose_name='添加时间')
    update_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, null=False, verbose_name='修改时间')

    class Meta(object):
        verbose_name = '用户信息'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.username

2、在settings.py中定义使用我们自己定义的model

# 配置认证的用户表
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'users.UserProfileModel'

四、用户登录的配置

1、用户登录的视图

from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login, logout

class LoginView(View):
    """
    用户登录的视图
    """

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return render(request, 'login.html', kwargs)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        login_form = forms.LoginForm(request.POST)
        if login_form.is_valid():
            username = login_form.cleaned_data.get('username', None)
            password = login_form.cleaned_data.get('password', None)
            user = authenticate(username=username, password=password)
            if user is not None:
                if user.is_active:
                    login(request, user)
                    return redirect('home')
                else:
                    return self.get(request, message="用户还没激活")
            return self.get(request, message='用户名或者密码错误')
        return self.get(request, message=login_form.errors)

五、实现多种登录方式

1、重写authenticate方法

from django.contrib.auth.backends import ModelBackend
from django.db.models import Q

class CustomBackend(ModelBackend):
    """
    定义校验用户登录
    """

    def authenticate(self, request, username=None, password=None, **kwargs):
        try:
            user = models.UserProfileModel.objects.get(Q(username=username) | Q(email=username) | Q(mobile=username))
            if user.check_password(password):
                return user
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            return None

2、在settings.py中配置自己定义的类

# 配置用户认证的类
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = (
    'users.views.login.CustomBackend',
)

12.rest-framework项目的使用步骤