邮件的发送
一、django中自带邮件发送的模块
1、所在包的地址
from django.core.mail import send_mail2、关于
send_mail参数介绍""" subject: 发送的主题,或者叫标题 message: 发送的内容 from_email: 发送者的邮箱 recipient_list: 接受邮件的人(是一个list集合) """ def send_mail(subject, message, from_email, recipient_list, fail_silently=False, auth_user=None, auth_password=None, connection=None, html_message=None): pass
二、在django使用发送邮件
1、以QQ邮箱为例开启
SMTP服务
2、在
settings.py中配置# 配置发送邮件的 EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = 上一步中生成的密钥 # 授权码 EMAIL_HOST_USER = '[email protected]' # 账户邮箱 EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.qq.com' # SMTP域名 EMAIL_PORT = 25 # 邮箱端口 EMAIL_USE_TLS = True # 是否加密(默认不加密) EMAIL_FROM = '[email protected]' # 发送者(可以不配置)3、新建一个数据模型或者使用
redis缓存也可以的class EmailVerifyRecordModel(models.Model): """ 创建一个邮箱验证码的模型 """ code = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='验证码') email = models.EmailField(max_length=50, verbose_name='邮箱') sent_type = models.CharField(max_length=20, choices=(('register', '注册'), ('forget', '忘记密码')), verbose_name='邮件类型', default='register') create_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, null=False, verbose_name='添加时间') class Meta(object): verbose_name = '邮箱验证码' verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.email4、自己封装一个发送邮件的方法
# 之前封装的生产随机数的方法 from .random_str import random_str from users.models import EmailVerifyRecordModel from django.core import mail # 引入配置文件 from django.conf import settings def send_email(email, sent_type='register'): """ 定义一个发送邮件把验证码存入到数据库中 :param email: 接收的邮箱 :param send_type: 发送类型 :return: """ code = random_str(16) EmailVerifyRecordModel.objects.create(code=code, email=email, sent_type=sent_type) if sent_type == 'register': """如果是注册的时候""" email_title = '欢迎你注册' email_body = '请点击下面链接激活你的账号:http://localhost:9000/user/action/{0}'.format(code) # send_mail(主题，邮件内容,发送者,接受者) send_status = mail.send_mail(email_title, email_body, settings.EMAIL_FROM, [email]) if send_status: return True else: print('发送失败') return False elif sent_type == 'forget': email_title = '修改密码' email_body = '请点击下面链接修改你的账号密码:http://localhost:9000/user/updatePasswd/{0}'.format(code) # send_mail(主题，邮件内容,发送者,接受者) send_status = mail.send_mail(email_title, email_body, settings.EMAIL_FROM, [email]) if send_status: return True else: print('发送失败') return False5、在视图层中使用发送邮件的方法
class RegisterView(View): """ 用户注册的视图类 """ def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): register_form = RegisterForm() # 把数据返回给前端 return render(request, 'register.html', {'register_form': register_form}) def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): register_form = RegisterForm(request.POST) if register_form.is_valid(): username = register_form.cleaned_data.get('email', None) user_obj = models.UserProfileModel.objects.filter(email=username) if user_obj: return self.get(request, {'message': '用户名已经存在'}) password = register_form.cleaned_data.get('password', None) new_password = make_password(password=password) # 密码加密存入数据库中 models.UserProfileModel.objects.create(username=username, email=username, password=new_password) # 用户注册后发送邮件激活 send_email(username, 'register') return HttpResponse('请登录邮箱激活你的账号') else: print(register_form.errors) return self.get(request, {'message': register_form.errors})6、配置激活邮箱的地址
from django.urls import path, re_path from .views import login, register, captcha, user app_name = 'users' urlpatterns = [ ... re_path('action/(?P<code>.*)/', register.ActivateEmailView.as_view()), ... ]7、上面邮箱没有写失效时间,处理的思路
- 从数据库里面根据添加时间逆序排序获取全部的验证码
- 获取第一个也是最新的一个时间的验证码
- 获取的时间与当前时间对比,来判断验证码是否已经失效
三、使用redis缓存来存储
1、在
settings.py配置中配置redis的缓存# 配置redis缓存 CACHES = { "default": { "BACKEND": "django_redis.cache.RedisCache", "LOCATION": "redis://:[email protected]:6379", # 这里设定了本机的redis数据 # "LOCATION": "redis://127.0.0.1:6379", # 如果redis没设置密码就这样 "OPTIONS": { "CLIENT_CLASS": "django_redis.client.DefaultClient", } } }2、导包(这就不封装直接在视图中写)
import hashlib import time # 引入发送邮件的 from django.core import mail # 引入缓存 from django.core.cache import cache3、在发送邮件的时候把
code设置到缓存中class RegisterView(View): def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): register_form = RegisterForm() # 把数据返回给前端 return render(request, 'register.html', {'register_form': register_form}) def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): register_form = RegisterForm(request.POST) if register_form.is_valid(): username = register_form.cleaned_data.get('email', None) user_obj = models.UserProfileModel.objects.filter(email=username) if user_obj: return self.get(request, {'message': '用户名已经存在'}) password = register_form.cleaned_data.get('password', None) new_password = make_password(password=password) # 密码加密存入数据库中 models.UserProfileModel.objects.create(username=username, email=username, password=new_password) # 设置code code = hashlib.md5((str(time.time()) + username).encode('utf-8')).hexdigest() # 设置到缓存 cache.set(code, username, 120) # 发送邮件 mail.send_mail('测试', '请点击下面链接激活你的账号:http://localhost:9000/user/action/{0}'.format(code), '[email protected]', [username]) return HttpResponse('请登录邮箱激活你的账号') else: print(register_form.errors) return self.get(request, {'message': register_form.errors})4、从缓存中获取邮箱进行验证
class ActivateEmailView(View): """ 用户激活邮箱的视图类 """ def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 获取用户的激活码 code = kwargs.get('code', None) # 从缓存中获取 email = cache.get(code) if email: models.UserProfileModel.objects.filter(email=email).update(is_active=True) return redirect('user:login') return HttpResponse('邮箱激活码过期')